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[思路] 对红薯中文网小说站点逆向破解还原文本_CSS反爬,AST解混淆

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2023-09-16 15:15
发表于 2023-11-04 15:23
本帖最后由 modao 于 2023-11-04 15:23 编辑

前几天视频刷到一个小说站点,其内容没啥营养,却使用了CSS反爬和OB混淆。于是我去读了一下它的算法。读懂并写出脚本后,感觉这个网站逆向难度较小,可以尝试完美破解然后水篇入门文,即:只需要给出小说某一章的html链接,就能获取其内容。

样本地址:aHR0cHM6Ly9nLmhvbmdzaHUuY29tL2NvbnRlbnQvMTIxMTAyLzI3NzM2MDkuaHRtbA==

技术栈:

  1. ts-nodetypescript
  2. babel处理AST。
  3. superagent发起网络请求。
  4. cheerio解析HTML文本。

算法分析

小说内容的HTML结构很简单,每段都是一个p标签,文本中间有一些不和谐的span标签:

<div class="rdtext"fsize="16">
<p><span class="context_kw6"></span>叫顾凡<span class="context_kw0"></span>顾<span class="context_kw7"></span>得<span class="context_kw4"></span>顾<span class="context_kw0"></span>平凡<span class="context_kw4"></span>凡(省略一些文字)</p>
</div>

小说的部分文字有缺失,需要用CSS::before伪元素渲染,比如:

.context_kw0::before {
content: ",";
}

这样既不影响用户阅读,又增大了逆向难度。

面对这个样本,我能想到的切入点不多:全局搜索context_kwdocument,因为可以猜测JS代码需要动态创建style标签和添加CSS规则。发现context_kw在HTML文档的JS代码中只出现了1次,在一个巨大的常量串数组中。如果运气好,那个常量串没被混淆,可以看到context_kw出现在业务代码中。熟悉OB混淆套路的佬们都能立刻意识到,这段代码在做些见不得人的关键操作。

首先我们用AST还原一下(用到的cff, switchCFF等函数都来自我的开源项目):

import * as parser from '@babel/parser';
import { renameVars } from './rename_vars';
import generator from '@babel/generator';
import { getFile, writeOutputToFile } from './file_utils';
import { memberExpComputedToFalse } from './member_exp_computed_to_false';
import { translateLiteral } from './translate_literal';
import traverse from '@babel/traverse';
import {
Node,
isIdentifier,
isNumericLiteral,
stringLiteral, isStringLiteral
} from '@babel/types';
import { cff } from './remove_cff';
import { switchCFF } from './remove_switch_cff';

const jsCode = getFile('src/inputs/小说.ts');
const ast = parser.parse(jsCode);

// 如果常量表不止1处,则此代码不正确
function restoreStringLiteral (ast: Node, stringLiteralFuncs: string[], getStringArr: (idx: number) => string) {
// 收集与常量串隐藏有关的变量
traverse(ast, {
VariableDeclarator (path) {
const vaNode = path.node;
if (!isIdentifier(vaNode.init) || !isIdentifier(vaNode.id)) return;
if (stringLiteralFuncs.includes(vaNode.init.name)) {
stringLiteralFuncs.push(vaNode.id.name);
}
}
});
traverse(ast, {
CallExpression (path) {
const cNode = path.node;
if (!isIdentifier(cNode.callee)) return;
const varName = cNode.callee.name;
if (!stringLiteralFuncs.includes(varName)) return;
const literalNode = cNode.arguments[0];
if (cNode.arguments.length !== 1 || (!isNumericLiteral(literalNode) && !isStringLiteral(literalNode))) return;
const idx = Number(literalNode.value);
path.replaceWith(stringLiteral(getStringArr(idx)));
}
});
}
// 这里需要人工运行JS代码,获取最终的大数组
restoreStringLiteral(ast, ['_0x0a9e'], (idx: number) => {
return [
'pad', 'clamp', 'sigBytes', 'words', 'BXNBf', 'OMxlD', 'GhFlG', 'JxsFw', 'iksgN', 'qDbwG', 'prototype', 'spzgJ', 'test',
'lo1c0tQyRk7E/Lr2p3puiAKrzgb8Absq4EWawXjoVfP230ItoMvvmsg3H8ccHG1u1qA+T/T4f3Rwi5j40osnuhQGtUj0w5rjN5FglNam4JRHNS126MHWX6+Zk/Aez8M7WttDCxtn6N6/pwWRtVat6vPkvmw9ETifmJ5C94R9hoGnDvNjntiKW6m5HPr+b/j0IvHCUJz8pX4ofi12NyD5aA==',
'enc', 'Latin1', 'parse', 'B79CD410AF398F7A', 'window', 'location', 'href', '146385F634C9CB00', 'ZeroPadding', 'toString', 'Utf8', 'split', 'length', 'createElement', 'style', 'type', 'text/css', 'setAttribute', 'link', 'getElementsByTagName', 'gHLRp', 'CbiRt', 'oKMpY', 'parentNode', 'head', 'appendChild', '4|1|2|5|3|0', 'fromCharCode', 'NQvuJ', 'TYKEL', 'undefined', 'tfwZU', 'ffVsL', 'styleSheets', 'addRule', '.context_kw', '::before', 'content: "', 'insertRule', '::before{content: "'
][idx];
});

cff(ast);
switchCFF(ast);

memberExpComputedToFalse(ast);
renameVars(
ast,
(name:string) => name.substring(0, 3) === '_0x',
{}
);
translateLiteral(ast);

const { code } = generator(ast);
writeOutputToFile('小说_out.js', code);

还原后算法分析过程就畅通无阻了,甚至不需要动态调试。

给样式表添加用于展示缺失文本的CSS规则:

for (var i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {
try {
document.styleSheets[0].addRule(".context_kw" + i + "::before", "content: \"" + words[i] + "\"");
} catch (v72) {
document.styleSheets[0].insertRule(".context_kw" + i + "::before{content: \"" + words[i] + "\"}", document.styleSheets[0].cssRules.length);
}
}

AES解密数据如下。data是加密数据,每个html链接都不一样,猜测是先由模板引擎渲染得到常量串,再调用OB进行混淆。有兴趣的佬可以搭一个node/django后台实现一下这个方案,用node实现的难度应该是最低的。

var data = "<加密的数据>";
var keywords = CryptoJS.enc.Latin1.parse("B79CD410AF398F7A");
var iv = '';
try {
// 甚至有环境检测呵呵,node环境会得到错误的iv
if (top.window.location.href != window.location.href) {
top.window.location.href = window.location.href;
}
iv = CryptoJS.enc.Latin1.parse('E91BF3347F7D1274');
} catch (v44) {
iv = CryptoJS.enc.Latin1.parse("146385F634C9CB00");
}
var decrypted = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(data, keywords, {
'iv': iv,
'padding': CryptoJS.pad.ZeroPadding
});
var secWords = decrypted.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8).split(',');
var words = new Array(secWords.length);

获取words数组的算法(这段代码是有控制流平坦化的):

for (var i = 0; i < secWords.length; i++) {
var v50 = secWords[i];
var v51 = function (v52) {
var v53 = {
'NQvuJ': function v54(v55, v56) {
return v55 % v56;
},
'TYKEL': function v57(v58, v59) {
return v58 - v59;
},
'lHuwG': function v60(v61, v62) {
return v61 - v62;
}
};
return v52 % 2 ? v52 - 2 : v52 - 4;
};
var v63 = function (v64) {
var v65 = {
'HYHqw': function v66(v67, v68) {
return v67 + v68;
},
'tfwZU': function v69(v70, v71) {
return v70 * v71;
},
'ffVsL': "undefined"
};
// 环境检测
return v64 + 3 * +!(typeof document === "undefined");
};
v50 = v51(v50);
v50 = v63(v50);
words[i] = String.fromCharCode(v50);
}

至此算法已经很清晰了,可以写exp了。

完美逆向

完美逆向有必要嘛?似乎没有,但自己写一遍这个网站的完美逆向代码,编程能力大概也能有微不足道的提升吧(不能只有我在这件小事上浪费宝贵青春)。算法很简单,但考虑完美破解时一切都会麻烦起来。我们需要解决许多很简单的问题:

  1. python or nodejs?因为只需要发一个请求,且不涉及Cookie的维护,所以我选择了ts-nodetypescriptsuperagent
  2. 如何解析HTML文档?cheerio,API设计特意对标jQuery,体验极佳。
  3. 如何获取data, key, iv?上面人工运行JS代码,获取最终的大数组的做法需要扩展了。
  4. 如何将<span>替换为文本?基于cheerio就很简单:


const htmlHasOnlyP = inputHTML.replaceAll(/<span.*?<\/span>/g, (span) => {
const idx = Number((span.match(/\d+/) || [])[0]);
return words[idx];
});
const $ = cheerio.load(htmlHasOnlyP);
return $('p').text().split('\n').map((txt) => txt.trim()).join(os.EOL);

最后简单说下上述第3点的实现。上一节提到,可以猜测data, key, iv先是使用模板引擎渲染,再调用OB进行混淆。因此我们的过程要与之相反:先使用AST解混淆,再在所有常量串均已恢复的假设前提下,匹配data, key, iv的声明or赋值语句的AST节点,最后获取常量串。

这个过程最麻烦的一步,是解决常量串隐藏。限于编程能力,我写不出一个放之四海而皆准的AST脚本,因此反而可以放开手脚,为每个使用OB的网站进行代码定制,将更多“业务相关”(即只适用于当前网站)的特征用代码表达出来。这个小说网站的常量串隐藏代码样例如下:

var _0xa9e0 = ['JxsFw', 'iksgN', 'qDbwG', 'prototype', 'spzgJ', 'test', 'lo1c0tQyRk7E/Lr2p3puiAKrzgb8Absq4EWawXjoVfP230ItoMvvmsg3H8ccHG1u1qA+T/T4f3Rwi5j40osnuhQGtUj0w5rjN5FglNam4JRHNS126MHWX6+Zk/Aez8M7WttDCxtn6N6/pwWRtVat6vPkvmw9ETifmJ5C94R9hoGnDvNjntiKW6m5HPr+b/j0IvHCUJz8pX4ofi12NyD5aA==', 'enc', 'Latin1', 'parse', 'B79CD410AF398F7A', 'window', 'location', 'href', '146385F634C9CB00', 'ZeroPadding', 'toString', 'Utf8', 'split', 'length', 'createElement', 'style', 'type', 'text/css', 'setAttribute', 'link', 'getElementsByTagName', 'gHLRp', 'CbiRt', 'oKMpY', 'parentNode', 'head', 'appendChild', '4|1|2|5|3|0', 'fromCharCode', 'NQvuJ', 'TYKEL', 'undefined', 'tfwZU', 'ffVsL', 'styleSheets', 'addRule', '.context_kw', '::before', 'content:\x20\x22', 'insertRule', '::before{content:\x20\x22', 'pad', 'clamp', 'sigBytes', 'words', 'BXNBf', 'OMxlD', 'GhFlG'];
(function (_0x149720, _0x36191f) {
var _0x19a768 = function (_0x5065e2) {
while (--_0x5065e2) {
_0x149720['push'](_0x149720['shift']());
}
};
_0x19a768(++_0x36191f);
}(_0xa9e0, 0x1a9));
var _0x0a9e = function (_0x2b4d76, _0x47bf96) {
_0x2b4d76 = _0x2b4d76 - 0x0;
var _0x4230d8 = _0xa9e0[_0x2b4d76];
return _0x4230d8;
};

我们需要做的事情主要有:

  1. 获取偏移量,即上述例子中的0x0
  2. 获取rotate次数,即上述例子中的0x1a9。这是为了获取大数组最终的值。
  3. 获取大数组。
  4. 调用上面已经实现的restoreStringLiteral函数。

这个样例是旧版OB生成的,情况比较简单。我这次实现选择的策略如下:

  1. 获取偏移量函数_0x0a9e的函数体仅识别具有上述3条语句的结构,然后从第1条语句中取出偏移量的值0x0
  2. 通过匹配具有2个参数,且第二个参数是NumericLiteral的自执行函数来获取rotate次数0x1a9
  3. 复用第2点的逻辑,我们认为自执行函数的第一个参数_0xa9e0就是大数组的名称,并通过名称字符串来匹配相应的声明语句。

函数名为autoRestoreStringLiteralViaIIFE,顾名思义,这里我选择的切入点就是自执行函数。代码传送门

import {
isArrayExpression,
isBlockStatement,
isCallExpression,
isExpressionStatement,
isFunctionExpression,
isIdentifier,
isNumericLiteral,
isReturnStatement,
isStringLiteral,
isVariableDeclaration,
Node,
stringLiteral,
File
} from '@babel/types';
import traverse from '@babel/traverse';
import { strict as assert } from 'assert';
import generator from '@babel/generator';

// 如果常量表不止1处,则此代码不正确
export function restoreStringLiteral (ast: Node, stringLiteralFuncs: string[], getStringArr: (idx: number) => string) {
// 收集与常量串隐藏有关的变量
traverse(ast, {
VariableDeclarator (path) {
const vaNode = path.node;
if (!isIdentifier(vaNode.init) || !isIdentifier(vaNode.id)) return;
if (stringLiteralFuncs.includes(vaNode.init.name)) {
stringLiteralFuncs.push(vaNode.id.name);
}
}
});
traverse(ast, {
CallExpression (path) {
const cNode = path.node;
if (!isIdentifier(cNode.callee)) return;
const varName = cNode.callee.name;
if (!stringLiteralFuncs.includes(varName)) return;
const literalNode = cNode.arguments[0];
if (cNode.arguments.length !== 1 || (!isNumericLiteral(literalNode) && !isStringLiteral(literalNode))) return;
const idx = Number(literalNode.value);
path.replaceWith(stringLiteral(getStringArr(idx)));
}
});
}

export function rotateArray<T> (a: T[], count: number) {
count %= a.length;
return [...a.slice(count), ...a.slice(0, count)];
}

export function autoRestoreStringLiteralViaIIFE (ast: File) {
let constArrName = '';
const INITIAL_SHIFT_NUM = -1234567;
let shiftNum = INITIAL_SHIFT_NUM;
ast.program.body.findIndex((bodyItem) => {
if (!isExpressionStatement(bodyItem) ||
!isCallExpression(bodyItem.expression) ||
!isFunctionExpression(bodyItem.expression.callee) ||
bodyItem.expression.arguments.length !== 2) return false;
const [arg0, arg1] = bodyItem.expression.arguments;
if (!isIdentifier(arg0) || !isNumericLiteral(arg1)) return false;
constArrName = arg0.name;
shiftNum = arg1.value;
return true;
});
assert.ok(constArrName);
assert.notEqual(shiftNum, INITIAL_SHIFT_NUM);

let constArrContent: string[] = [];
let stringHideVarName = '';
let globalOffset = 0;
traverse(ast, {
VariableDeclaration (path) {
const decl = path.node.declarations[0];
if (!isIdentifier(decl.id)) return;
if (decl.id.name === constArrName && isArrayExpression(decl.init)) {
constArrContent = decl.init.elements.map((item) => {
assert.ok(isStringLiteral(item));
return item.value;
});
}
if (isFunctionExpression(decl.init)) {
if (decl.init.params.length !== 2 ||
!isBlockStatement(decl.init.body) ||
decl.init.body.body.length !== 3) return;
const [s1, s2, s3] = decl.init.body.body;
if (!isExpressionStatement(s1) ||
!isVariableDeclaration(s2) ||
!isReturnStatement(s3)) return;

path.traverse({
BinaryExpression (path) {
assert.ok(isNumericLiteral(path.node.right));
globalOffset = path.node.right.value;
}
});

const { code } = generator(s2);
if (!code.includes(constArrName)) return;
stringHideVarName = decl.id.name;
}
}
});
constArrContent = rotateArray(constArrContent, shiftNum);

restoreStringLiteral(ast, [stringHideVarName], (idx: number) => {
return constArrContent[idx - globalOffset];
});
}

完整代码:

import {
isIdentifier,
isStringLiteral
} from '@babel/types';
import traverse from '@babel/traverse';
import CryptoJS from 'crypto-js';
import superagent from 'superagent';
import * as cheerio from 'cheerio';
import * as parser from '@babel/parser';
import fs from 'fs';
import { strict as assert } from 'assert';
import path from 'path';
import { autoRestoreStringLiteralViaIIFE } from '../restoreStringLiteral';
import os from 'os';
import { getLegalFileName } from '../file_utils';

export function parseHTML (inputHTML: string, data: string, keywordsEnc: string, ivEnc: string) {
const keywords = CryptoJS.enc.Latin1.parse(keywordsEnc);
const iv = CryptoJS.enc.Latin1.parse(ivEnc);
const decrypted = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(data, keywords, {
iv,
padding: CryptoJS.pad.ZeroPadding
});
const secWords = decrypted.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8).split(',');
// console.log('secWords', secWords); // dbg
const words: string[] = [];
for (let i = 0; i < secWords.length; i++) {
let v50 = Number(secWords[i]);
const v51 = function (v52: number) {
return v52 % 2 ? v52 - 2 : v52 - 4;
};
const v63 = function (v64: number) {
return v64 + 3 * +true;
};
v50 = v51(v50);
v50 = v63(v50);
words[i] = String.fromCharCode(v50);
}
// console.log(words); // dbg

const htmlHasOnlyP = inputHTML.replaceAll(/<span.*?<\/span>/g, (span) => {
const idx = Number((span.match(/\d+/) || [])[0]);
return words[idx];
});
const $ = cheerio.load(htmlHasOnlyP);
return $('p').text().split('\n').map((txt) => txt.trim()).join(os.EOL);
}

export function getDataFromJSCode (jsCode: string) {
const ast = parser.parse(jsCode);

autoRestoreStringLiteralViaIIFE(ast);

let data = '';
let keywordsEnc = '';
let ivEnc = '';
traverse(ast, {
VariableDeclarator (path) {
const idNode = path.node.id;
if (!isIdentifier(idNode)) return;
if (idNode.name === 'keywords') {
path.traverse({
CallExpression (path) {
const args = path.node.arguments;
assert.equal(args.length, 1);
assert.ok(isStringLiteral(args[0]));
keywordsEnc = args[0].value;
}
});
}
if (idNode.name === 'data') {
assert.ok(isStringLiteral(path.node.init));
data = path.node.init.value;
}
},
AssignmentExpression (path) {
if (!isIdentifier(path.node.left) || path.node.left.name !== 'iv' || ivEnc) return;
path.traverse({
CallExpression (path) {
const args = path.node.arguments;
assert.equal(args.length, 1);
assert.ok(isStringLiteral(args[0]));
ivEnc = args[0].value;
}
});
}
});
return {
data, keywordsEnc, ivEnc
};
}

export function getDataFromHTML ($: cheerio.CheerioAPI) {
const scriptTags = $('script');
let data = '', keywordsEnc = '', ivEnc = '';
scriptTags.each((i, el) => {
const jsCode = $(el).text();
if (!jsCode.includes('CryptoJS')) return true;
const res = getDataFromJSCode(jsCode);
data = res.data;
keywordsEnc = res.keywordsEnc;
ivEnc = res.ivEnc;
return false;
});
return {
data, keywordsEnc, ivEnc
};
}

export function getInputHTML (text: string) {
const $ = cheerio.load(text);
return { $, inputHTML: $('.rdtext').html() || '' };
}

function main () {
const novelURLs = [
// html列表,简单的逐个遍历
];
const headers = {
'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'cache-control': 'no-cache',
'pragma': 'no-cache',
'sec-ch-ua': '"Not_A Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="109", "Chromium";v="109"',
'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',
'sec-ch-ua-platform': '"Windows"',
'sec-fetch-dest': 'document',
'sec-fetch-mode': 'navigate',
'sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin',
'sec-fetch-user': '?1',
'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1',
'Referer': '<referer>',
'Referrer-Policy': 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin'
};
novelURLs.forEach(async (novelURL) => {
const resp = await superagent.get(novelURL).set(headers);
console.log('resp.text', resp.text.substring(0, 100)); // dbg
const { $, inputHTML } = getInputHTML(resp.text);
const { data, keywordsEnc, ivEnc } = getDataFromHTML($);
const resultNovelText = parseHTML(inputHTML, data, keywordsEnc, ivEnc);
console.log('resultNovelText', resultNovelText); // dbg
const fileName = path.resolve('src', 'outputs', getLegalFileName(
`${$('title').html()}.txt`,
`${novelURL.substring(novelURL.lastIndexOf('/') + 1)}.txt`
));
fs.writeFileSync(fileName, resultNovelText, 'utf-8');
});
}

if (require.main === module) {
main();
}


完。


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